ERC-4337 introduced account abstraction, significantly improving blockchain UX. However, as applications grow in complexity and users operate across multiple chains, developers have encountered limitations that Modular Execution Environments (MEE) are designed to solve.

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Full ERC-4337 Parity

The Modular Execution Environment (MEE) stack has all the features that ERC-4337 has and retains the same industry-leading security profile while offering significantly more features, less latency and easier integration.

ERC-4337 UserOps

MEE uses the same data model as ERC-4337

EIP-7702

MEE can easily be set as the execution environment for an EIP-7702 enabled EOA

ERC-7579

MEE uses smart account validators which are compliant with the most widely used smart account standard

ERC-7710 / ERC-7715

MEE can request execution through an ERC-7715 delegation and claim it on an ERC-7710 compliant contract

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Key Advantages of MEE Over ERC-4337

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True Composability

Limited to static batching where all calldata must be known upfront. Transactions within a batch cannot use the results of previous steps.

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Cross-Chain Orchestration

Limited to single-chain operations. Cross-chain activities require multiple separate transactions with separate signatures.

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Universal Gas Abstraction

Supports paying gas in tokens on a single chain, but each chain’s operations require separate gas management.

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Transaction Scheduling and Automation

No native support for scheduling or recurring transactions.

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Capability Comparison

CapabilityERC-4337MEE
Transaction Execution
Simple batch transactions✅✅
Dynamic composable transactions❌✅
Output-to-input references❌✅
Transaction scheduling❌✅
Recurring transactions❌✅
Gas Management
Pay gas in tokens (single chain)✅✅
Pay gas in tokens (cross-chain)❌✅
Unified gas sponsorship❌✅
Wallet Support
Smart contract wallets✅✅
EOA wallets❌✅
Multi-Chain Support
Single-chain operations✅✅
Cross-chain orchestration❌✅
Bridge completion detection❌✅
Chain-agnostic development❌✅
*ERC-4337 supports EOA wallets exclusively when paired with EIP-7702. MEE supports EOA wallets by default.

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Use Cases Enabled by MEE

MEE enables new user experiences that would be impractical with ERC-4337:

Cross-Chain DeFi Strategies

Bridge assets to highest-yielding chains, swap to required assets, and deposit into protocols with a single signature.

Conditional Asset Management

Create execution flows based on price conditions, bridge completions, or yield opportunities across multiple chains.

Autonomous Agent Workflows

Authorize agents to execute strategies within user-defined boundaries without requiring multiple signatures.

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Conclusion

ERC-4337 was a critical stepping stone for blockchain UX. MEE builds directly on this foundation, preserving all benefits while solving fundamental limitations in composability and cross-chain orchestration.
MEE isn’t replacing ERC-4337—it’s fulfilling its vision of making blockchain interactions seamless across the increasingly fragmented chain landscape, benefiting both developers and users with simpler, more powerful transaction capabilities - while retaining all of the features of the ERC-4337 stack.